Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
Dissemination and implementation (D&I) research is a growing area of science focused on overcoming the science-practice gap\r\nby targeting the distribution of information and adoption of interventions to public health and clinical practice settings. This study\r\nexamined D&I research projects funded under specific programannouncements by theUSNational Institutes ofHealth (NIH) from\r\n2005 to 2012. The authors described the projects� D&I strategies, funding by NIH Institute, focus, characteristics of the principal\r\ninvestigators (PIs) and their organizations, and other aspects of study design and setting. Results showed 46 R01s, 6 R03s, and\r\n24 R21s funded totaling $79.2 million. The top funders were the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Mental\r\nHealth, together providing 61% of funding. The majority of PIs were affiliated with Schools ofMedicine or large, nonprofit research\r\norganizations and think tanks. Only 4%of projectswere to PIswith appointments at Schools ofNursing, with 7% of the funding.The\r\nmost commonly funded projects across all of the studies focused on cancer control and screening, substance abuse prevention and\r\ntreatment, andmental health services. Typically implemented in community and organizational settings, D&I research provides an\r\nexcellent opportunity for team science, including nurse scientists and interdisciplinary collaborators....
This research sought to better understand how older female spouses cope with a partnerââ?¬â?¢s coronary artery bypass graft surgery\r\nand to explore copingââ?¬â?¢s relationships with life-change stress, cognitive appraisal, resilience, social support, and aspects of spouseââ?¬â?¢s\r\nsurgery. A sample of 96 women, aged from 55 to 81 years, completed surveys after their partnerââ?¬â?¢s surgery. Folkman and Lazarusââ?¬â?¢\r\nways of coping (WCQ) scales yielded two factors in this sampleââ?¬â?reactive coping and adaptive coping. Reactive coping, including\r\nmore emotion-focused ways of coping from the WCQ, was associated only with more time spent anticipating spousesââ?¬â?¢ surgeries.\r\nWomen described the greatest use of ways of coping labeled adaptive, which in turn had significant relationships with greater\r\nresilience, social support, and positive appraisal of the surgical experience. Stepwise multiple regression found greater resilience,\r\nmore frequent religious participation, and fewer children to be distinct predictors of adaptive coping. Nursing staff are encouraged\r\nto accept and normalize reactive coping, while facilitating adaptive coping with surgical stresses....
Little is known about how to systematically integrate complex qualitative studies within the context of randomized controlled\r\ntrials. A two-phase sequential explanatory mixed methods study was conducted in Canada to understand how women decide\r\nto disclose intimate partner violence in emergency department settings. Mixing a RCT (with a subanalysis of data) with a\r\ngrounded theory approach required methodological modifications to maintain the overall rigour of this mixed methods study.\r\nModifications were made to the following areas of the grounded theory approach to support the overall integrity of the mixed\r\nmethods study design: recruitment of participants, maximum variation and negative case sampling, data collection, and analysis\r\nmethods. Recommendations for future studies include: (1) planning at the outset to incorporate a qualitative approach with a RCT\r\nand to determine logical points during the RCT to integrate the qualitative component and (2) consideration for the time needed\r\nto carry out a RCT and a grounded theory approach, especially to support recruitment, data collection, and analysis. Data mixing\r\nstrategies should be considered during early stages of the study, so that appropriatemeasures can be developed and used in the RCT\r\nto support initial coding structures and data analysis needs of the grounded theory phase....
The establishment of a system for providing appropriate long-term care services for older people is a national issue in Japan, and it will likely become a worldwide issue in the years to come. Under Japanese Long-term Care Insurance System, long-term care is provided based on long-term care programs, which were designed by care providers on the basis of long-term care service plans, which were designed by care managers. However, defined methodology for designing long-term care service plans and care programs has not been established yet. In this paper, we propose models for designing long-term care service plans and care programs for older people, both by incorporating the technical issues from previous studies and by redesigning the total methodology according to these studies. Our implementation model consists of ââ?¬Å?Function,ââ?¬Â ââ?¬Å?Knowledge Structure,ââ?¬Â and ââ?¬Å?Action Flow.ââ?¬Â In addition, we developed the concrete knowledgebases based on the Knowledge Structure by visualizing, summarizing, and structuring the inherent knowledge of healthcare/welfare professionals. As the results of the workshop and retrospective verification, the adequacy of the models was suggested, while some further issues were pointed. Our models, knowledgebases, and application make it possible to ensure the quality of long-term care for older people....
Cross-sectional study compares the perception and attitudes about violence against women of physicians and nurses working in\r\nthe primary health care clinics in RibeirÃ?Å?ao Preto, SP. A total of 170 physicians and 51 nurses were interviewed in the District Health\r\nClinics. Physicians feel more comfortable than nurses to talk about the sex life of patients (P = 0.048) and to investigate the use\r\nof drugs (0.001). Compared to the nurses greater number of physicians believed that the aggression to the woman by the husband\r\nshould be treated as a medical problem (P = 0.000). Both believe that external factors, as alcohol or drug abuse, unemployment,\r\nand psychological problems of the husband and not of the victim, can cause violent acts.Most interviewees understand that gender\r\nviolence exceeds the issues of individuality and privacy and has become a public health problem, by the dimension present in the\r\nsocial relationships....
Background.Nurseswho provide end of life and bereavement care to neonates and their families are potentially at risk for developing\r\nstress-related health problems. These health problems can negatively affect nurses� ability to care for their patients. Purpose. Nurses\r\nneed to be knowledgeable about end of life and bereavement issues to provide quality care. This study sought to evaluate the effect\r\nof a bereavement seminar on the attitudes of nurses regarding end of life and palliative care of neonates. Design. A convenience\r\nsample of fourteen neonatal nurses completed a Bereavement/End of Life Attitudes about Care of Neonatal Nurses Scale after a\r\nbereavement seminar designed to provide information on end of life care. A pre- and posttest design with an intervention and\r\ncontrol group was used to assess changes in nurse bereavement attitudes in relationship to comfort, role, and involvement. Results.\r\nAfter bereavement seminar, the seminar attendees had higher levels of comfort in providing end of life care than nurses in the\r\ncontrol group (t = -0.214; P = 0.04). Discussion. Nurses� comfort levels can be improved by attending continuing education on end\r\nof life care and having their thoughts on ethical issues in end of life care acknowledged by their peers....
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